Kwong FNK, et al. - Owing to the integration of immunomodulatory therapy into treatment regimens for non-small-cell lung carcinoma, experts gauged the immunohistochemical profile of tumours assessed in the institution and sought to associate this with morphological tumour features. Notable variations were illustrated in PD-L1 expression in relation to histological patterns, with particularly high levels in those with pleomorphic features and low/undetectable levels in invasive mucinous adenocarcinomas and the lepidic components of non-mucinous adenocarcinomas. The PD-L1 expression analysis in a resected adenocarcinoma with a lepidic component did not appear to be reliable when immunomodulatory therapy for recurrent disease was taken into account, and either re-biopsy or limiting assessment to the invasive component was possibly more suitable.