Morton JI, Sacre JW, McDonald SP, et al. - In individuals suffering from diabetes, excess mortality in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) was found to be much higher at younger ages and was higher for females than males.

• Participants were selected from the Australian National Diabetes Services Scheme, and included 63,599 people with type 1 (aged 20–69 years; 56% men) and 1,172,160 people with type 2 diabetes (aged 30+ years; 54% men).

• ESKD occurred in 9,027 individuals during 8,601,522 person-years of follow-up.

• In men and women having type 1 diabetes, the mortality rate ratio (MRR) was 34.9 (95%CI: 16.6–73.1) and 41.5 (20.8–83.1) in those aged 20–29 years, respectively, and was 5.6 (4.5–7.0) and 7.4 (5.5–10.1) in those aged 60–69 years, respectively.

• In men and women with type 2 diabetes, MRRs were 16.6 (8.6–31.8) and 35.8 (17.0–75.2) at age 30–39 years and were 2.8 (2.6–3.1) and 3.6 (3.2–4.1) at age 80+ years, respectively.

• Peripheral artery disease, cardiac arrest, and infections were associated with the highest excess cause-specific mortality, whereas it was lowest for cancer.