de Galiza Barbosa F, Riesterer O, Tanadini-Lang S, et al. - In this single-center, randomized study, researchers ascertained if PET/CT is able to identify response to treatment as early as 1 week after the end of RCT, if PET/CT can identify prognostic markers concerning progression free survival, and if early PET/CT can identify individuals who need additional consolidation therapy. In total, 54 patients with head and neck cancer were prospectively recruited from 03/2012-04/2015. Study participants had FDG-PET/CT imaging at three predefined time points: pretreatment (PET/CT1), 1 week postprimary radiochemotherapy (PET/CT2) and 3 months postprimary radiochemotherapy (PET/CT3). After radiochemotherapy, the early response of head/neck cancer may be precisely evaluated with PET/CT 1 week after RCT. SUVmax and the lesion diameter are independent PFS predictors at the PET/CT3 time point. PET/CT2 has no PFS prognostic value and can't identify patients at high risk for consolidation therapy. Imaging responders displayed a significantly longer PFS compared with nonresponders, and thus PET/CT could serve as a biomarker for prognosis.