Oppelaar MC, et al. - Researchers conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to compare short-course antibiotic prophylaxis (≤24 hours) compared to extended-course antibiotic prophylaxis (≥72 hours) after ear, nose, throat, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. There were 21 articles with a cumulative 1974 patient included in the meta-analysis. No distinction was discovered in postoperative infections after ear, nose, throat, and oral and maxillofacial surgery between short-course and extended-course antibiotic prophylaxis. Therefore, it is advised to take a brief course of antibiotic prophylaxis unless there are documented conditions that are best treated with an extended course. The use of short-course antibiotics could prevent further adverse events, development of antibiotic resistance, and greater hospital expenses. Future study should concentrate on identifying risk groups for which prolonged prophylaxis could benefit.