Lu C, et al. - A retrospective, comparative study was conducted to evaluate the etiology and risk factors of extubation failure (ExF) in low birth weight (LBW) infants undergoing congenital heart surgery. Between January 2010 and September 2018, researchers retrospectively examined the cases of all LBW infants undergoing congenital heart surgery admitted to the authors’ neonatal intensive care unit. ExF was characterized as reintubation within 72 hours after extubation. This study obtained demographic, preoperative, perioperative, and postoperative data. Analysis included a total of 99 infants comprising 66 males and 33 females, including 60 premature infants. The study found higher prevalence of ExF in LBW infants undergoing congenital cardiac surgery. The results indicate that ExF in LBW infants is correlated with an increase in hospital LOS. Moreover, presumed reasons for failed extubation are diverse. Before the first attempted extubation, preoperative mechanical ventilation and prolonged mechanical ventilation were independent risk factors for ExF.