Hellsten C, Ernstson A, Bodelsson G, et al. - In this randomised study, researchers examined the compliance, prevalence of HPV, and prevalence of severe dysplasia in a vaginal self-sampling group in comparison to cervical samples obtained by midwives (control arm). Per their hypothesis, no difference would be there between vaginal self-sampling and cervical sampling to find high-grade cervical dysplasia or cancer. A total of 14,765 randomly selected women (aged 30–64 years old) were sent vaginal HPV self-sampling kits by regular mail. A follow-up examination was performed by the midwife in HPV-positive women in which a cervical sample was collected for cytological and HPV co-testing. A total of 14,839 women who met the same inclusion criteria and were invited to have cervical sampling by midwives for primary HPV screening were included in the control arm. As per outcomes, a similar proportion of severe dysplasia was detected with the self-sampling approach vs regular screening. Thus, they suggest that primary HPV screening of cervical samples could be replaced with self-sampling.