Dadachanji R, Patil A, Joshi B, et al. - Researchers conducted this case-control study to examine the metabolic and hormonal patterns in different phenotypic subgroups of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women from Western India to illustrate the pathogenesis of this heterogeneous disorder. According to Rotterdam criteria, women with PCOS (n = 489) were classified into 4 phenotypes. Comparisons of clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters were conducted across all phenotypic groups of PCOS and with controls (n = 270) by Welch’s ANOVA with subsequent Games-Howell post-hoc test. In the total study population, the most common phenotype was normoandrogenic phenotype D, which is a milder form of PCOS in terms of insulin resistance, gonadotropin levels, and dyslipidemia, followed by phenotype A. The study stresses the significance of clinicians using Rotterdam criteria in combination with obesity status when assessing correct PCOS status and designing effective therapeutic strategies.