Pellegrino D, Gryschek R, de Oliveira ACP, et al. - Researchers conducted a single-arm open-label clinical trial administering trimethoprim (TMP) 10 mg/kg/day sulfamethoxazole (SMX) 50 mg/kg/day, in two divided doses, to HIV patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis in order to determine the proportion of patients with clinical and radiological response after 2 weeks of TMP-SMX and the proportion of patients who discontinued TMP-SMX due to adverse events. Forty-six patients were included (23 males, median age 35 years). Headache, hemiparesis and altered mental status were the main clinical manifestations. Clinical and radiological response after 2 weeks of anti-toxoplasma treatment was observed in 85% of the patients (n = 39). Overall, findings support the safety and efficacy of TMP-SMX in the treatment of HIV-related cerebral toxoplasmosis. There were only 2 (4%) discontinuations due to adverse events.