Yoshino T, Yamanaka T, Oki E, et al. - In this phase 3 randomized clinical trial, researchers examined 1,313 Asian patients being treated for stage III colon cancer, to investigate the noninferiority of a shortened course of adjuvant oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) and long-lasting peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN). They randomized patients to receive 3 or 6 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. The chemotherapy regimen was selected at the discretion of the treating physician: modified fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) or capecitabine plus oxaliplatin (CAPOX). For DFS, the estimated hazard ratio (HR) of the 3-month arm vs the 6-month arm was 0.95. For mFOLFOX6 and CAPOX, the HRs were estimated to be 1.07 and 0.90, respectively. A significantly lower incidence of long-lasting PSN was reported in correlation with 3 months vs 6 months of therapy, as well as in relation to treatment with the drug CAPOX vs with mFOLFOX6. Outcomes were not compromised by shortened therapy duration and therefore, the most suitable treatment option, especially for patients with low-risk disease, could be a 3-month course of CAPOX.