Lüdicke F, Ansari SM, Lama N, et al. - Assuming that heating instead of burning tobacco can lower the risk of chronic diseases associated with cigarette smoking, researchers examined cigarette smokers switching to the heat-not-burn Tobacco Heating System 2.2 (THS) for favorable changes in eight co-primary endpoints (HDL-C, WBC, FEV1%pred, COHb, Total NNAL, sICAM-1, 11-DTX-B2, and 8-epi-PGF2α) indicative of biological and functional effects. Additionally, they determined the following biomarkers of exposure (BoExp): MHBMA, 3-HPMA, Total NNN, CEMA, 3-OH-B[a]P, HMPMA, Total 1-OHP, NEQ, and CO exhaled. They randomized participants to either continue smoking their preferred cigarette brand (n = 496) or use THS (IQOS brand; n = 488) for 6 months. They observed similar nicotine levels in both groups. Smokers who predominantly used THS vs those who continued cigarette smoking had favorable changes in all endpoints, which were in line with smoking cessation, and had improved biological effects.