Zhang J, Chi H, Wang T, et al. - Using a cross-sectional and within-group design, researchers assessed the impact of a drop in blood pressure fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for orthostatic hypotension (OH) on performance in each domain of a cognitive function in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Patients with no dementia but with type 2 diabetes mellitus were the participants, including 107 people without OH and 94 with OH (DMOH). Ninety-five control candidates were also incorporated. Transient, posture-mediated cognitive deficits were seen in those patients with OH and type 2 diabetes mellitus beyond those found in diabetes without OH. Including executive functioning, memory, visuospatial skills, information processing speed, and attention, standing posture worsened and widened cognitive deficits in the DMOH group for all measures in different domains of cognition. The DMOH group exhibiting a wider range of neuropsychological deficits in memory, visuospatial skills, executive function, and sustained attention, as well as significant changes in information processing speed when group-specific supine scores were used as baseline anchors, but both DM groups showed cognitive changes when transitioning from a supine to a standing upright position.