Roshanravan N, Alamdari NM, Jafarabadi MA, et al. - In this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial, researchers examined the impacts of daily consumption of sodium butyrate (NaBut) and high-performance (HP) inulin supplementation, individually or in combination, on the expression of pyroptosis-related genes, microRNA (miR) 146a-5p, miR-9-5p and biomarkers of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. For this investigation, 60 patients with type 2 diabetes received 600 mg/d of NaBut (group A), 10 g/d of HP inulin (group B), 600 mg/d of NaBut + 10 g/d of HP inulin (group C) or placebo (group D) for 45 consecutive days. Changing the level of expression of miR-146a-5p and miR-9-5p due to butyrate supplementation may have a pivotal role in alleviating diabetes via pyroptosis inhibition by targeting TLR2 and NF-κB1. Such microRNAs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes may be considered as potential therapeutic targets but more work is needed to prove the connection.