Adhikari BM, Dukart J, Hipp JF, et al. - Thirty healthy male volunteers underwent a randomized, three-way, cross-over study comprising of three imaging sessions, with 48 hr between sessions in order to determine whether ketamine and midazolam would have both comparable and diverging pharmacological impacts and to determine shared and different mechanisms of action that could be identified and quantified using resting-state (rs) functional connectivity. The rs pharmacological functional MRI (rsPhfMRI) was used. In the connectivity of the salience network, auditory network, and default mode network, ketamine provoked important decreases. In the default mode network, midazolam significantly reduced connectivity. For ketamine for resting networks, the impact sizes exhibited a positive relationship with the impact sizes for schizophrenia-related deficiencies that were derived from the ENIGMA study of 261 individuals and 327 controls. Impact sizes for midazolam had no association with the pattern of schizophrenia. With the pattern of schizophrenia deficits, the diminution of ketamine and midazolam patterns exhibited a notable positive association. The shared and diverging pharmacological actions of ketamine and midazolam on cerebral networks were reliably identified by RsPhfMRI. Moreover, the pattern of disconnectivity generated by ketamine was positively related to the pattern of connectivity deficits seen in schizophrenia, implying a brain functional basis for formerly defectively perceived impacts of the drug.