Kumar RG, Kesinger MR, Juengst SB, et al. - Researchers conducted a prospective cohort study investigating the long-term effects of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) on hospital-based outcomes among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Merging National Trauma Databank and Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems, they derived a cohort of 3,717 adults with moderate-to-severe TBI. The National Trauma Databank yielded exposure data, and the Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems provided data on the outcomes. A 34% increased odds for unfavorable Glasgow Outcome Scale—Extended were observed over the first 5 years post-TBI among individuals with HAP vs individuals without HAP, after adjustment for covariates. Worse long-term prognosis and greater hospital resource utilization were reported among individuals with HAP during acute hospitalization. Findings suggest preventing HAP as possibly cost-effective and as valuable for improving long-term recovery for individuals with TBI.