Zullo AR, Duprey MS, Smith RJ, et al. - Among older nursing home (NH) residents, use of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4Is) may confer decreased rates of cognitive and functional decline vs treatment with sulphonylureas (SUs).

• This cohort study included long-stay NH residents aged ≥65 years who initiated a DPP4I or SU; propensity matched cohort (N = 1784) had a mean ± SD age of 80 ± 8 years and 73% were females.

• Lower 180-day rates of cognitive decline [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.61], altered mental status events (HR = 0.71), and functional decline (HR = 0.89) were observed in DPP4I users vs SU users.

• However, estimates were imprecise, and therefore, larger studies with greater statistical power are needed.