Lee MJ, et al. - In this randomized, controlled non-inferiority trial, researchers contrasted clinical safety and efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) with bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) at a gestational age of 30⁺⁰ to 34⁺⁶ weeks. In total, 93 infants with a gestational age of 30⁺⁰ to 34⁺⁶ weeks who presented respiratory distress within 24 hours after birth have been randomized to the nCPAP group or the BiPAP group. No statistically significant difference was found in treatment failure between the two groups. Between nCPAP and BiPAP groups, the risk difference comparing the treatment failure rate was -4.7 percentage points. In these premature infants, nCPAP is not inferior to BiPAP as initial respiratory distress management. Consequently, nCPAP can be used as a substitute for BiPAP as initial management for preterm infants between 30 and 35 weeks of gestational age.