Arsenault C, et al. - Researchers sought to determine how childhood vaccination affects learning achievements among primary school children in India. From the India Human Development Survey, cohort data was retrieved. Measurement of vaccination status and confounders was done among children who were at least 12 months old at baseline in 2004–2005. The same children were made to complete basic reading, writing and math tests in 2011–2012. They analyzed a total of 4,877 children; among these children, 54% were fully vaccinated at baseline, and 54% could read by the age of 8–11 years. Findings provide support to the hypothesis that vaccination has lasting effects on children’s learning achievements. Full vaccination had an estimated effect ranging from 4 to 6 percentage points on learning achievements, representing relative increases ranging from 6% to 12%. Per bias analysis, the noted effects could be explained by unmeasured confounding, but only in the case of strong correlations with the treatment and outcome.