O’Callaghan F, et al. - In this study involving 7,223 women who delivered a singleton child in Brisbane, Australia between 1981 and 1983, researchers analyzed the impacts of prenatal maternal smoking and postnatal smoking from birth to 14 years, on offspring sleep at 6 months, 5, 14 and 21 years via performing multinomial logistic regression analyses. According to this prospective, community-based birth cohort study, maternal prenatal smoking exposure has various effects on offspring sleep vs postnatal smoking exposure. Findings revealed that prenatal smoking exposure could be related to changes in neurodevelopment, while postnatal smoking was more likely to affect the respiratory system. These findings underline the long lasting and potentially serious clinical effects of pre and postnatal maternal smoking exposure on offspring, the mechanisms by which further investigation was warranted.