Marc I, Piedboeuf B, Lacaze-Masmonteil T, et al. - This randomized clinical trial was undertaken to determine if maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during the neonatal period improves bronchopulmonary dysplasia–free survival in breastfed infants born before 29 weeks of gestation. Lactating women who delivered before 29 weeks of gestation have been registered within 72 hours of delivery. Three hundred seventy-five mothers (81.3%) and 523 infants (99.1%) finished the trial among 461 mothers and their 528 infants (mean gestational age, 26.6 weeks [SD, 1.6 weeks]; 253 [47.9%] females). Maternal DHA supplementation during the neonatal period did not significantly improve bronchopulmonary dysplasia–free survival at 36 weeks’ postmenstrual age compared with placebo among breastfed preterm infants born before 29 weeks of gestation. The interpretation of the study is limited by the early termination of the trial.