Park S, et al. - In an elderly Korean population, researchers studied the connection between body mass index (BMI) changes over a 2-year period and dementia. Researchers assessed 67,219 participants (aged 60-79 years) who had a BMI measurement in 2002/2003 and 2004/2005 as part of the National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening Cohort. A significant association was found between late-life BMI changes and dementia in both sexes. However, except for underweight men, the baseline BMI was not linked with dementia. Findings suggested that significant risk factors associated with dementia can include both weight gain and weight loss. To prevent the development of dementia, continuous weight control and careful monitoring of weight changes are needed.