Béranger A, Capito C, Lacaille F, et al. - Researchers investigated the epidemiology of early bacterial infections in a pediatric population, including those caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. In addition, they sought for risk factors for infection. In this monocentric retrospective study of 142 consecutive liver transplantations (LTs) performed in 137 children between 2009 and 2017, occurrence of 93 bacterial infections after 67 (47%) LTs was observed. Among the 82 isolated pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common (n = 19, 23%). Low weight and the presence of a prosthetic mesh were the independent risk factors for early bacterial infection. Observations establish a shift toward a predominance of Gram-negative early bacterial infections after pediatric LT. Association of ESBL-PE stool carriage with ESBL-PE infection was noted. For decreasing infection prevalence and mortality, they emphasize adapting antimicrobial prophylaxis and personalizing antibiotherapy as mandatory.