Gujski M, et al. – This trial ascertained if, besides the ageing process, the undergoing of menopause itself deteriorated the cognitive functions, compared to women at reproductive age. It was found that estrogen receptor α (ERα) was poorly specific. However, it could serve as a significant tool for the classification of peri– and post–menopausal patients in the group where therapy with the use of estrogens displayed advantages in terms of prevention and treatment of cognitive disorders. Prophylactic, screening examination of cognitive functions was essential in post–menopausal women to determine those at risk of the development of dementia.