Sundermann EE, Bondi MW, Campbell LM, et al. - In view of the necessity for methods to differentiate amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI)-associated from HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND)-associated impairment in people with HIV (PWH), researchers tested a neuropsychological method of recognizing aMCI in PWH they developed by relating AD neuropathology (β-amyloid, phospho-Tau) to aMCI vs HAND classification. From the National NeuroAIDS Tissue Consortium, they identified 74 HIV+ cases (age: 50−68) who had neurocognitive data within one-year of death and had data on β-amyloid and phospho-tau pathology in frontal brain tissue. Impairment (< 1.0 SD below normative mean) on two of four delayed recall or recognition outcomes from a verbal and non-verbal memory test (at-least one recognition impairment required) defined high aMCI risk. Observations revealed high aMCI risk classification was more commonly seen in the HAND (69.0%) vs no HAND (37.5%) group. High vs low aMCI risk group showed 4.75 times higher likelihood of β-amyloid pathology. Overall findings suggest that AD-like cognitive/biomarker profiles may be detected among PWH with the help of amnestic mild cognitive impairment criteria that include recognition impairment.