Chen W, et al. - In this comparative risk assessment study, researchers evaluated the site-specific population-attributable fractions (PAFs) for 23 potentially modifiable risk factors for cancer across all provinces in China. Using 2014 cancer mortality data for adults from 978 county-level surveillance points in 31 provinces of mainland China, risk-factor prevalence estimates were obtained from representative surveys. In 2014, more than 1 million cancer deaths in China are attributed to potentially modifiable risk factors, ranging from 35.2% in Shanghai to 52.9% in Heilongjiang. Smoking was the highest PAF in men in all 31 provinces, while in women it varied among low fruit intake (14 provinces), hepatitis B virus infection (seven provinces), smoking (six provinces), excess body weight (three provinces), and human papillomavirus infection (one province). Data reported that the PAFs of cancers due to potentially modifiable risk factors vary quite a bit across provinces in China. Regional adoption of effective primary cancer prevention strategies has an enormous potential to reduce cancer burdens and disparities in China. Findings revealed that smoking, poor diet, and infection should be given particular policy attention since they are the cause of a large proportion of the overall burden of cancer.