Melson AJ, et al. - Utilizing an ideation-to-action approach, researchers sought to ascertain the value of volitional alcohol factors in distinguishing those who have thoughts of self-harm but do not act on them (self-harm ideation) from those who engage in self-harm (self-harm enaction). The baseline phase of the Health Lifestyle and Wellbeing study was analyzed cross-sectionally; data of 1,546 adults (1,079 female; Mean age = 34 y; 92% White), resident in Scotland, on demographics, lifetime self-harm, volitional alcohol factors, and psychosocial factors were obtained. In initial models adjusted for demographics and depressive symptoms, volitional alcohol factors were identified differentiating those with a history of self-harm enaction from those with a history of self-harm ideation (as well as those with no history); they identified stronger alcohol-related negative urgency, more frequent heavy drinking and stronger expectancies that drinking alcohol leads to negative self-perceptions and markers of self-harm risk, in the self-harm enaction group.