Rao A, Chakraborty M, Roy A, et al. - In the present study, the researchers sought to explore the microRNA (miRNA) differentially expressed in different disease stages of pseudoexfoliation (PXF) and analyzed their specific role in glaucoma pathogenesis in this disease. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays, peripheral blood of patients with PXF (naïve to medical therapy and with no systemic disease/drugs) with ocular hypertension (OHT) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) was assessed in triplicate for miRNA profiling. The authors discovered hsa-miR-122-5p, hsa-miR-124-3p and hsa-miR-424-5p to be upregulated in PXG targeting 3 specific pathways namely TGF-β 1, fibrosis/ECM and proteoglycan metabolism with common effectors like SMAD/3/2. The main mechanisms for glaucoma onset in PXF may be circulatory miRNA that differentially regulates TGF-β 1 and downstream targets, including UPR genes.