de Lacerda GF, et al. - Using new approaches for relative survival (RS) and cause-specific survival (CSS), differences in net cancer survival (survival observed if the only possible cause of death was the cancer under study) estimated were examined. SEER data was searched for patients diagnosed from 2000–2013 and followed-up through December 31, 2014. New life tables accounting for geography and socio-economic status were used to determine RS. The SEER cause of death algorithm for attributing cancer-specific death was used for CSS. Outcomes revealed generally small differences between 5-year RS and CSS. In screen-detectable cancers, for example, female breast (89.2% vs 87.8%) and prostate (98.5% vs 93.7%) cancers, always higher RS was reported; increase in differences was observed with age or time since diagnosis. In the remaining cancer sites, particularly those related to specific risk factors, for example, cervix (70.9% vs 68.3%) and liver (20.7% vs 17.1%) cancers, usually higher CSS was noted. The gap between estimates was smaller with more advanced stage for most cancer sites. These findings emphasize considering different approaches for net survival estimation depending on cancer under study.