Miyamae Y, et al. - In the context of revision total hip/knee arthroplasty, researchers assessed if laboratory-based alpha-defensin affords a sensitive and specific tool to diagnose periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients with systemic inflammatory disease in this retrospective review including 1,374 cases. For diagnosing PJI, a sensitivity and specificity of 93% and 100%, respectively, and a positive and negative predictive value of 100% and 96%, respectively, along with an accuracy of 97% was demonstrated by the alpha-defensin test. This proves a high accuracy of alpha-defensin for diagnosing PJI even in inflammatory diseases.