Wen P, et al. – The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether demographic and rural–urban variations in dental care service utilization still exist in Taiwan after 15 years of the implementation of universal health insurance coverage, which largely reduces financial barriers to dental care. It was found that the urban–rural disparity in dental care service utilization still existed after 15 years of the implementation of the national health insurance in Taiwan, implying that factors other than affordability could play roles in such disparity.