In view of the uncertainty concerning the effects that therapies for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have on immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, researchers herein examined if patients with IBD on commonly used immunosuppressive drugs show altered COVID-19 vaccine-induced antibody responses.

• In this multicenter, prospective, case-control study (VIP), a total of 483 participants were recruited, including patients with IBD being treated with thiopurines (n = 78), infliximab (n = 63), a thiopurine plus infliximab (n = 72), ustekinumab (n = 57), vedolizumab (n = 62), or tofacitinib (n = 30), and 121 healthy controls.

• The primary analysis was performed including 370 participants without evidence of previous infection.

• The immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines varies among patients with IBD according to immunosuppressive drug exposure, and is attenuated in recipients of infliximab, infliximab plus thiopurines, and tofacitinib.

• On the basis of an individual's treatment, researchers suggest personalized scheduling of third primary, or booster, doses, and prioritization of patients taking anti-tumor necrosis factor and tofacitinib.