Fairley M, Humphreys K, Joyce VR, et al. - In this model-based cost-effectiveness analysis performed including a US population with opioid use disorder (OUD), OUD treatments were assessed for their cost-effectiveness and for their relationship with outcomes in the US. Per estimates, there would be 42,717 overdoses (4,132 fatal, 38,585 nonfatal) and 12,660 deaths in a cohort of 100,000 patients over 5 years in the base case without treatment; 11.58 discounted lifetime QALYs were estimated to be experienced per person. Overdoses are estimated to be lower in correlation with medication-assisted treatment (MAT) with methadone (10.7%), MAT with buprenorphine or naltrexone (22.0%), and when combined with contingency management and psychotherapy (range, 21.0%-31.4%). Significant health benefits and cost savings were observed in correlation with receiving MAT combined with contingency management and overdose education and naloxone distribution to treat opioid use disorder when compared with receiving no treatment. Findings suggest that in the United States, a significant portion of individuals with opioid use disorder do not receive any form of MAT. They support expanding access to MAT, overdose education and naloxone distribution; contingency management may possibly be valuable for generating significant societal cost savings and, more importantly, saving numerous lives.