Critselis E, et al. - This inquiry was set up to determine the cost-effectiveness of screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression with the CKD273 classifier (a new urinary peptide classifier) vs urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in diabetic patients. Compared to UAE, annual CKD273 classifier-based screening incurred more cost but was more effective in quality-adjusted life years gained. Implementation of such screening in patients at high risk for diabetes-associated renal or cardiovascular diseases resulted in greatest benefits, from a health provider perspective.