Trepanier M, Alhassan N, Sabapathy CA, et al. - In order to assess the cost-efficacy of extended thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing colorectal surgery for malignancy or IBD, researchers created an individualized patient microsimulation model (1,000,000 patients; 1-month cycle length) that compared extended thromboprophylaxis (28-day course of enoxaparin) vs standard management (inpatient administration only) following colorectal surgery. they obtained data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Project Participant User File and literature searches. Higher costs (+113$; 95% CI, 102–123), but increased quality-adjusted life-years (+0.05; 95% CI, 0.04–0.06) were evident in correlation with extended prophylaxis among patients with malignancy; this resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 2,473$/quality-adjusted life-year. Among patients with IBD also, extended prophylaxis was related to higher costs (+116$; 95% CI, 109–123), but higher quality-adjusted life-years (+0.05; 95% CI, 0.04–0.06), and an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of 2475$/quality-adjusted life-year. Sixteen (95% CI, 4–27) venous thromboembolism-related deaths per 100,000 patients and 22 (95% CI, 6–38) for malignancy and IBD were prevented by the extended prophylaxis. At a willingness-to-pay threshold of 50,000$/quality-adjusted life-year, a 99.7% probability of cost-effectiveness was suggested. Findings thereby indicate extended thromboprophylaxis as a cost-effective strategy despite the rarity of venous thromboembolic events.