Kopp DM, et al. - In this prospective cohort study, Malawian women who had undergone vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) repair at least 12 months prior to enrolment were examined for residual incontinence, depression, and quality of life. In the years following surgical VVF repair, improvement in outcomes was reported in the majority of women. However, poorer quality of life was reported in those with residual urinary incontinence. Residual urinary incontinence was reported in 56 women (19.3%). Predictors of residual urinary incontinence were: pre-operative Goh type 3 or Goh type 4, positive postoperative cough stress test and the positive 1-hour postoperative pad test. Researchers identified 3.5% of women with depressive symptoms, all with residual urinary incontinence.