Katzenellenbogen JM, Bond‐Smith D, Seth RJ, et al. - Researchers undertook this population‐based study to create strategies for providing estimates of contemporary acute rheumatic fever (ARF)/rheumatic heart disease (RHD) incidence as well as prevalence in Australia (2015–2017) according to age group, gender, and region for Indigenous and non‐Indigenous Australians on the basis of innovative, direct methods. They utilized linked administrative data from 5 Australian jurisdictions. For epidemiologic case determination for ARF/RHD, robust methods were constructed. For Indigenous and non‐Indigenous groups, the age‐standardized ARF first‐ever rates were estimated to be 71.9 and 0.60/100,000, respectively. A 61.4 times higher age‐standardized RHD prevalence was reported for Indigenous (666.3/100,000) vs non‐Indigenous (10.9/100,000) populations. The RHD prevalence in women was double that in men. The highest rates were estimated for regions in northern Australia. Overall, estimates of Australian ARF and RHD rates documented herein are the most accurate of all to date. Urgent government action is necessary in the light of a high Indigenous burden. The likely underestimation of RHD in many high‐resource settings was indicated by the findings. The linked data methods outlined in this work have the potential for worldwide applicability.