Hsia Y, et al. - Grouping of antibiotics by the 2017 WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children (EMLc) as Access, Watch, or Reserve, based on recommendations of their use as first-choice and second-choice empirical treatment for the most common infections, provides an opportunity to review country-level antibiotic consumption and a potential for stewardship. Researchers thus reviewed 2015 levels of oral antibiotic consumption by young children globally. Using wholesale data from the IQVIA-Multinational Integrated Data Analysis System database, they identified oral antibiotic formulations appropriate for use in young children (defined as child-appropriate formulations [CAFs]) and estimated 2015 antibiotic consumption in reference to the 2017 WHO EMLc Access, Watch, Reserve (AWaRe) antibiotic groups. In 2015, the overall median volume of CAF antibiotic standard units sold per country was 74·5 million. The 70 countries indicated highly variable CAF antibiotic consumption patterns, without a clear difference between high-income and middle-income countries. Data suggested a key role of antibiotics in the Access group in treating young children globally.