Semitala FC, Kadota JL, Musinguzi A, et al. - For achieving targets set forth in the World Health Organization’s (WHO) END TB Strategy, a key priority is scaling up shorter regimens for tuberculosis (TB) prevention such as once weekly isoniazid–rifapentine (3HP) taken for 3 months.

• Researchers conducted an interim analysis of 479 participants from the 3HP Options Trial, a pragmatic, parallel type 3 effectiveness–implementation randomized trial, in which comparison was performed between 3 optimized strategies for delivering 3HP—facilitated directly observed therapy (DOT), facilitated self-administered therapy (SAT), or informed choice between DOT and SAT using a shared decision-making aid—to people receiving care at a large urban HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda were compared.

• Routine healthcare providers performed all aspects of 3HP treatment—including counseling, drug administration, side effect monitoring, and adherence evaluation.

• High acceptance and completion of 3HP was recorded (93%, with > 99% probability of exceeding 80% in at least 1 trial arm).

• Discontinuation of 3HP treatment due to an adverse event (AE) was observed in only 8 (1.7%) patients.

• Findings suggest that in the context of routine HIV/AIDS care in sub-Saharan Africa, high levels of 3HP acceptance and completion can be attained.

• Researchers recommend HIV/AIDS programs in sub-Saharan Africa to consider scaling up 3HP as an alternative to isoniazid preventive therapy.