Fang F, et al. - In young type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients (younger than 40 years) during the early disease stage, researchers detected brain anatomical and functional changes. In this case-control study involving 35 young T2DM patients with no detectable microangiopathy and 32 nondiabetic control subjects, the study findings suggest an adaptive compensation of brain function during the early stage of T2DM to counteract the insidious cognitive decrements. Furthermore, the functional changes that occur before changes in brain structure and peripheral microangiopathy may serve as early biomarkers associated with cognitive decrements.