Lee HW, Kim HJ, Jang EJ, et al. - Given several combinations of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS), long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA), and long-acting beta-agonist (LABA) have been employed as triple therapy for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), researchers herein investigated if there existed significant differences among several combinations in efficacy, for decreasing exacerbation or mortality, as well as in safety, for increasing cardiovascular events or pneumonia. PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, and clinical trial registries were explored to identify parallel-group randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared ICS/LAMA/LABA vs other inhaled drugs in stable COPD patients for at least 12 weeks. In 21 RCTs comprising 29,892 cases with moderate to very severe COPD, nine different combinations of ICS/LAMA/LABA were found. Findings revealed that clinical results, including acute exacerbation and all-cause mortality, did not differ significantly among various ICS/LAMA/LABA combinations in patients suffering from moderate to very severe COPD.