Kitazawa T, Seino H, Ohashi H, et al. - The most common therapy for Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is metformin plus a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP‐4i). In this 24‐week, multicenter, open‐label, parallel‐group trial, researchers randomized cases on dual therapy to add‐on tofogliflozin (20 mg/day, n = 33) or glimepiride (0.5 mg/day, n = 31). HbA1c reduced to similar extents with tofogliflozin and glimepiride. The groups did not show any change in body fat percentage from baseline. Tofogliflozin led to a reduction in fat mass and fat‐free mass, however, glimepiride resulted in their increase. Reduction in alanine aminotransferase and uric acid levels was observed in correlation with tofogliflozin. These novel data may aid in selecting the third oral agent for patients whose diabetes is inadequately controlled with metformin plus DPP‐4i dual therapy.