In Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), a lower renal composite outcome incidence was observed in comparison to glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1Ra)-treated patients.

• By employing propensity score matching, patient outcomes after SGLT2i and GLP1Ra treatments were compared.

• The renal composite outcome was defined as either progression of albuminuria status and/or >15% deterioration in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) per year.

• SGLT2i-treated patients had significantly lower incidence of renal composite outcomes compared to GLP1Ra-treated patients (n = 15 [11%] and n = 27 [20%], respectively).

• Significant differences in annual eGFR changes (mL/min/1.73 m ² /year) were found between the two groups (−1.8 [95%CI, −2.7, −0.9] in SGLT2i-treated patients and −3.4 [95%CI, −4.6, −2.2] in GLP1Ra-treated patients).

• Change in the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio occurred due to a significant interaction between the presence or absence of a reduction in systolic blood pressure and the difference in treatments.