Zhang X, Xiao H, Liu C, et al. - Using optical coherence tomography angiography, researchers sought to compare macular structure and vasculature between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Patients with NMOSD (n = 124) with/without a history of optic neuritis (ON) (NMO+ON: 113 eyes; NMO-ON: 95 eyes), glaucomatous patients (n = 102) with early/advanced glaucoma (G-E: 74 eyes; G-A: 50 eyes) and healthy controls (n = 62; 90 eyes) were imaged. In both patients with NMOSD and POAG, significant losses in ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL), vessel density and perfusion density have been identified. With matched losses in the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer, NMOSD group displayed significant thinning of GC-IPL in the nasal-superior quadrant, while in POAG group, significant thinning was found in the inferior and temporal-inferior quadrants. NMOSD and POAG have specific patterns of macular structural and vascular changes linked to pathophysiology. The findings show that FAZ can be a sensitive biomarker of NMOSD macular changes.