Sedighi M, et al. - Authors designed this case-control study to assess the composition of the gut microbiota dominant bacterial groups in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) compared to the healthy people. Results suggested differences regarding some of gut microbiota composition between the T2DM patients and healthy individuals. Thereby suggesting T2DM disorder to be associated with the shifts and fluctuations in the composition of gut microbiota.

• This study included 36 adult subjects (18 patients diagnosed with T2DM and 18 healthy persons).
• Authors examined the intestinal microbiota composition by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method using bacterial 16S rRNA gene.
• The T2DM patients and healthy individuals were meaningfully different in terms of the quantities of two groups of bacteria.
• While, significantly higher level of Lactobacillus was observed in the patients with T2DM (P value < 0.001), Bifidobacterium seemed significantly more frequent in the healthy people (P value < 0.001).
• In faecal samples, the quantities of Prevotella (P value = 0.0.08) and Fusobacterium (P value = 0.99) genera were not markedly different between the two groups.
• The significant alterations in dominant faecal bacterial genera observed in T2DM patients participating in the current study suggested the link between T2DM disease and compositional variation in intestinal flora.
• Findings seemed valuable for developing approaches to control T2DM by modifying the gut microbiota.