Xiong L, et al. - Through a prospective study enrolled patients who had undergone total joint arthroplasty, were suspected of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI, one of the most terrible complications following arthroplasty and has extremely negative impacts on the physical, emotional, social, and economic aspects of a individual's life) and also prepared for revision arthroplasty, experts intended to contrast D-dimer with C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) for diagnosis of PJI. Serum D-dimer level, ESR, and CRP were calculated prior to the operation. For the patients with PJI, the median D-dimer level was significantly higher in comparison with the patients with aseptic failure. The diagnostic effectiveness of D-dimer did not exceed serum CRP and ESR with a sensitivity of 80.77% and a specificity of 79.63%. Hence, serum D-dimer as a marker for the diagnosis of PJI still needed more large-scale and detailed clinical trials.