Bao X, et al. - Researchers studied the inflammatory profiles of diabetes mellitus (DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and distinguished their shared and specific markers. Total and differential leukocyte counts were measured in study participants without previous DM or CVD and were studied in relation to incident DM and incident CVD upon follow up. The observed inflammatory profiles associated with DM and CVD showed substantial similarities and significant differences. Total and differential leukocyte counts, orosomucoid, and C-reactive protein were found to be related to an increased risk of both DM and CVD after adjustment for conventional risk factors. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, ceruloplasmin, alpha1-antitrypsin and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor predicted increased risk of CVD but not DM, while haptoglobin and complement C3 showed the opposite pattern. Considering these data, individuals at elevated risk of DM may be distinguished from those at elevated risk of CVD.