Coghill DR, et al. - In SPD489-404, the first 2-year safety study of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents, researchers ascertained cognitive function over 2 years, using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). In children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, lisdexamfetamine dimesylate treatment for 2 years was not associated with deterioration of cognitive function. In some cognitive measures, improvements appeared, however, interpretation of the findings was difficult because of lack of a control group.