Wislez M, Domblides C, Greillier L, et al. - Researchers herein examined the prognostic worth of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) suffering from advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from a dedicated phase II trial. A total of 61 PLHIV with advanced non-squamous NSCLC took part in the IFCT Phase II trial assessing first-line four-cycle carboplatin (Ca) AUC5 pemetrexed (P) 500 mg/m ² induction therapy every 3 weeks, followed by P maintenance therapy. Overall 55 PLVIH provided appropriate samples which were analyzed for ctDNA detection. The presence of ctDNA was found in 35 patients (64%), 22 with high and 13 with low ctDNA levels. In multivariate analysis, a significant link of positive ctDNA with shorter PFS as well as with shorter OS was revealed. Patients with low ctDNA levels at diagnosis, vs those with high levels, were identified to have significantly longer OS. Overall, ctDNA detection employing ultra-deep next-generation-sequencing was identified as an independent prognostic factor in PLHIV experiencing advanced NSCLC.