Felip E, Ardizzoni A, Ciuleanu T, et al. - Researchers present results from an open-label, multicentre, phase 2 trial, named the CheckMate 171, wherein, nivolumab was tested in patients with previously treated advanced squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). CheckMate 171 was performed as part of a post-approval commitment to the European Medicines Agency. Nivolumab 3 mg/kg was administered every 2 weeks until progression or unacceptable toxicity in patients having Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS) 0–2 and disease progression during/after ≥ 1 systemic therapy (≥ 1 being platinum-based chemotherapy) for advanced or metastatic disease. A total of 811 patients were treated. The participants were observed for a minimum duration of ~18 months. All treated patients and those aged ≥ 70 and ≥ 75 had similar median overall survival (OS): 10.0 months, 10.0 months and 11.2 months, respectively. Patients with ECOG PS 2 experienced a median OS of 5.2 months. Overall, findings revealed good tolerability as well as the activity of nivolumab in patients suffering from advanced, relapsed squamous NSCLC, including the elderly, with OS outcomes that were consistent with phase 3 data. Among patients with ECOG PS 2 who represent a difficult-to-treat, poor prognosis population, similar tolerability of nivolumab was reported, but outcomes were worse, as expected.