Gordin D, et al. - Researchers considered that improved mitochondrial biogenesis and elevated glycolytic flux can hamper the development of diabetic nephropathy. An association between increased enzymes involved in the metabolism of intracellular free glucose and its metabolites in renal glomeruli and preservation of kidney function in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes was established by the researchers. In the glomeruli of CKD− vs CKD+ individuals with type 2 diabetes, glycolytic (PKM1, PKM2, and ENO1) and mitochondrial (MTCO2) enzymes were significantly elevated, while toxic metabolites were higher in those who were CKD-protected. A kidney function test reflecting decreased toxic glucose metabolites and increased glycolytic enzymes in the circulation favors their use in diabetics as biomarkers for the endogenous renal protective factors.