Ahn T, et al. - Aim was to conduct a systematic literature review on spontaneous renal hemorrhage (SRH) in a contemporary cohort describing patterns in etiology and treatment. This study outlined renal neoplasms as the most common cause of SRH, of which angiomyolipoma (AML) predominates. In addition, polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) was the second most common etiology in acute SRH, replacing renal cell carcinoma (RCC).